فراتحلیل عوامل موثر بر ادغام اقتصادی-اجتماعی مهاجران ایرانی در جوامع مقصد با تأکید بر سرمایۀ انسانی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار جامعه شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشکده ادبیات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 گروه جمعیت شناسی دانشگاه تهران

10.22034/jeds.2022.50072.1616

چکیده

موضوع و هدف: گسترش مهاجرت‌های بین‌المللی، بیش از پیش بر اهمیت موضوع ادغام اجتماعی و اقتصادی مهاجران افزوده است. امروزه جوامع با جمعیت قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای از مهاجران، تازه‌واردان و پناهندگان روبرو هستند. ادغام مهاجران همواره به‌عنوان یک موضوع سیاسی و عام محل بحث بوده است، گرچه در مباحث علمی نیز کمابیش موردعلاقه و تفحص می‌باشد. در سال‌های اخیر، با توجه به اهمیت ادغام مهاجران، تحقیقات متعددی در این حوزه انجام شده است. با در نظر گرفتن فراوانی و تنوع تحقیقات انجام‌شده در این زمینه، نیاز به انجام تحقیقات ترکیبی نظیر فراتحلیل در این حوزه احساس می‌شود. اصلی‌ترین سؤال پژوهش حاضر این است که در تحقیقات انجام شده چه عناصری از سرمایه انسانی بر ادغام مهاجران ایرانی در جوامع مقصد بیشترین تأثیر را می‌گذارد؟

روش: روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر، فراتحلیل می‌باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق همه‌ی مقالات معتبر علمی هستند که در سال‌های 2000 تا 2019 با موضوع ادغام مهاجران ایرانی منتشر شده‌اند. در نهایت 23 مطالعه انتخاب و با نرم‌افزار جامع فراتحلیل (CMA2)، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که متغیرهای تحصیلات، مهارت‌های زبانی و مدت اقامت، به نسبت سایر متغیرها، تأثیر زیادی بر ادغام مهاجران ایرانی دارند. نتایج اندازه اثرات نشان می‌دهد که رابطه تحصیلات و ادغام مهاجران ایرانی، معادل 23/0 می‌باشد. رابطه مهارت‌های زبانی و ادغام مهاجران ایرانی در تحقیقات مرور شده حدود 17/0 قرار دارد. نتایج اثرات ترکیبی نشان می‌دهد که رابطه مدت اقامت و ادغام مهاجران ایرانی معادل 16/0 است. همچنین تأثیر عناصر سرمایه انسانی بر ادغام مهاجران ایرانی برحسب دو متغیر تعدیل‌گر دوره-های زمانی و کشورهای مقصد مهاجرت بررسی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Meta-analysis of Factors Affecting the Socioeconomic Integration of Iranian Emigrants in Host Societies with Emphasis on Human Capital

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Sohrabi 1
  • Hossein Akbari 2
  • Gholamreza Sediq Orei 3
  • Rasoul Sadeghi 4
1 ferdowsi university
2 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
4 Associate Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Subject and purposes: The increasing number of immigrants worldwide has raised attentions and concerns about their integration to the socioeconomic aspects of the host societies and a broad number of empirical studies is done in countries with high levels of migrants’ attractiveness. A large body of research on the “immigrants’ integration” has shown that there is a considerable relationship between an immigrant’s human capital status and the socioeconomic integration. This study is initially established to systematically review and analyze the relationship between the human capital and Iranian emigrants’ integration, and later extended to investigate the most effective dimensions of human capital on integration status in mentioned studies.

Method: The method of the present study is meta-analysis and the population of the study is all authoritative scientific papers about Iranian emigrants integration published in 2000 – 2019. We identified 23 studies and analyzed with comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2).

Findings: Results showed that the variables of education, language skills and length of stay, compared to other variables, have greater impacts on the integration of Iranian emigrants. The results of the effects size showed that the relationship between education and integration of Iranian emigrants is 0.23. The relationship between language skills and the integration of Iranian emigrants in the reviewed research is about 0.17. The results of effects size show that the relationship between the length of stay and the integration of Iranian emigrants is 0.16. Also, the effect of human capital elements on the integration of Iranian immigrants was studied in terms of two adjusting variables of time periods and destination countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Integration
  • Human capital
  • Iranian Emigrants
  • Meta-analysis
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