Social Assessment of the Intra-Urban Deprivation Model Using Structural Equation Modeling in District 18 of Tehran

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Kashan, Iran.

2 Ph.D. Candidate, social science department, Humanities Faculty, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

3 The professor of sociology, social science department, Humanities Faculty, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Studies, Institute of Cultural and Social Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/jeds.2025.68048.1878

Abstract

Deprivation, beyond the one-dimensional and purely income-based measure of poverty, is a multifaceted lived experience. This phenomenon reveals the complex and underlying structures of inequality, enabling researchers and policymakers to propose more effective interventions. The goal of this multidimensional approach is to develop more current models of deprivation-producing processes that can provide a deeper understanding of poverty and inequality. This study, therefore, aims to provide a social assessment of the intra-urban deprivation model in Tehran's District 18, which has a population of over 450,000. Using a quantitative survey method and the analytical technique of structural equation modeling, the research meticulously examines the relationships between various dimensions of deprivation. The primary objective is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of six dimensions—social, psychological, cognitive, economic, housing, and spatial—on one another and to present a new, combined model. The findings challenge common assumptions about deprivation. The results indicate that while variables related to basic urban infrastructure are vulnerable and inefficient, intra-urban deprivation and inequality are significantly influenced by cognitive and psychological components. These dimensions directly affect social indicators and intensify residents' feelings of deprivation. In other words, the deprivation experienced by residents of this district is linked not only to their income but also to their physical living conditions and internal feelings. Among the dimensions examined, psycho-cognitive deprivation has the greatest impact on the others. Interestingly, despite urban renewal policies and government facilities for housing and infrastructure, these measures have failed to reduce the sense of deprivation. This is because macroeconomic events have a more powerful effect on citizens' living conditions. Ultimately, the findings emphasize that urban spaces with unstable infrastructure and housing deprivation are the main symbols of intra-urban deprivation in this district, profoundly affecting the social living standards of families.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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