The fuzzy analysis of the effect of socioeconomic status in electoral participation in 11th presidential election: inter-county comparative analysis

Authors

1 PhD student in Sociology and a member of the faculty of the Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University (responsible author).

2 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract: the problem of current paper is the effect of socioeconomic status in electoral participation in eleventh presidential election in 2014. The question is: are the counties with high level of socioeconomic status have high electoral participation? This hypothesis is inferenced from theoretic approaches: having a high level socioeconomic status is necessity condition for electoral participation. The methodological approach of this paper is inter-county fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis. For this purpose, secondary dada is analyzed. To examine of the hypothesis fuzzy set method and software of SPSS and fs/QCA are applied. The results are show that socioeconomic status is usually necessity condition for electoral participation. However, we found that any components of socioeconomic status - educational status, occupational status and income - in single are usually necessity conditions for participation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

بشیریه، حسین (1392). دیباچه‌ای بر جامعه‌شناسی ایران دوره جمهوری اسلامی. تهران: نگاه معاصر.
داد، سی. ایچ.، اشمیت م. گ.، اینگلهارت، رانلد، بوآ، کارلز، پای، لوسین، دال رابرت، مور، میک و هانتینگتن ساموئل (1388). مراحل، عوامل و موانع رشد سیاسی. ترجمه: عزت الله فولادوند، تهران: نشر ماهی.
دال، رابرت (1388). دموکراسی. در: داد، سی. ایچ.، اشمیت م. گ.، اینگلهارت، رانلد، بوآ، کارلز، پای، لوسین، دال رابرت، مور، میک و هانتینگتن ساموئل (1388). مراحل و عوامل و موانع رشد سیاسی. ترجمه: عزت‌الله فولادوند، تهران: نشر ماهی.
ساعی، علی (1388). توسعه آموزشی و مشارکت انتخاباتی: مطالعه موردی انتخابات دوره نهم ریاست جمهوری. فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی، شماره 45، صص 1 ـ 23.
ساعی، علی (1392). روش پژوهش تطبیقی با رویکرد تحلیل کمی، تاریخی و فازی. تهران، نشر آگه.
ساعی، علی، زارعیان، مریم، و خدایی، ابراهیم (1392). تحلیل فازی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی و دموکراسی: مطالعه تطبیقی بین کشوری (1990-2010)». مجله جامعه‌شناسی ایران، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 2، تابستان 1392، صص3-29.
مرکز آمار ایران، سالنامه آماری کشور، سال 1390، سایت درگاه ملی آمار، داده‌ها و اطلاعات آماری، سامانه سالنامه آماری،  https://www.amar.org.ir
مرکز آمار ایران، سالنامه آماری استانی، سال 1390، سایت درگاه ملی آمار، داده‌ها و اطلاعات آماری، سامانه سالنامه آماری،https://www.amar.org.ir.
مرکز آمار ایران، سرشماری عموم و نفوس و مسکن، سال 1390، سایت درگاه ملی آمار، داده‌ها و اطلاعات آماری، سامانه سرشماری‌ها،  https://www.amar.org.ir
معمار، رحمت الله (1388). تبیین جامعه شناختی مشارکت انتخاباتی»: بررسی تطبیقی رفتار رأی‌دهی بین شهرستانهای ایران. رساله دکتری جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. استاد راهنما: دکتر مسعود چلبی.
طالبان، محمدرضا (1388). آزمون فازی فرضیات شرط لازم و شرط کافی در علوم اجتماعی. مجله مطالعات علوم اجتماعی ایران، دوره 3، شماره 4، صص 21-37.
Almond, G., & Verba, S. (1963).The Civic Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Aarts, Kees, & Wessels, Bernhard (2002). Electoral Turnout in West-European Democracies. paper prepared for delivery at the 2002, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Boston.
Auh, soo young (1980). Socioeconomic Status and Political Participation in Japan. Journal of East and West Studies,  (9) 1,
Beck, Paul Allen, & Kent Jennings M. (1982). Pathways to Participation. American Political Science Review, 76 (1): 94 –108.
Booth, John A. & Seligson, Mitchell A. (2009). Legitimacy and Political Participation in Eight Latin American Nations. Prepared for presentation at the Midwest Political Science Meeting, April 2-4, Chicago, Illinois.
Brady, Henry E., Verba, Sidney, & Schlozman, Kay Lehman (1995). Beyond Ses: A Resource Model of Political Participation. The American Political Science Review, (89) 2: 271-294.
Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, & Donald E. Stokes (1960). The American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cho, Wendy K. Tam (1999). Naturalization, Socialization, Participation: Immigrants and (Non-) Voting. Journal of Politics 61 (4): 1140–55.
Cook, Fay Lomax, Page, Benjamin I., & Moskowitz, Rachel (2013). Political Participation by Wealthy Americans. Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University, Working Paper Series, April.
Darmofal, David (2006). The Political Geography of Macro-Level Turnout in American Political Development. Political Geography, 25: 123-150.
Darr, Benjamin, & Hesli, Vicki (2010). Differential Voter Turnout in a Post-Communist Muslim Society: The Case of the Kyrgyz Republic. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 43: 309-324.
Een, Arild (2007). Explaining Cross-National Variation in Voter Turnout: Aggregate and Temporal Patterns. Master Thesis, Department of Comparative Politics University of Bergen.
Gallego, Aina (2010) Understanding Unequal Turnout: Education and Voting in Comparative Perspective. Electoral Studies, (29) 2: 239-247.
Gimpel, James G., Lay, J. Celeste, & Schuknecht, Jason E. (2003). Cultivating Democracy: Civic Environments and Political Participation in America. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
Goodin, Robert, Dryzek, John (1980). Rational Participation: The Politics of Power. British Journal of Political Science, 10(3): 273-290.
Key, V. O., & Nye, Jr. (1964). Politics, Parties and Pressure Groups. 5thed. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
Lijphart, Arend (1997). Unequal participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review, 91: 1-14.
Lipset, Seymour Martin (1981). Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Makkai, Toni, & McAllister, Ian (1992). Resource and Social Learning Theories of Political Participation: Ethnic Patterns in Australia. Canadian Journal of Political Science, (25)2: 269-293.
Meyer, David (2012). Voter Turnout and Presidential Primary 2010. A report by The Center for American Politics and Citizenship. University of Maryland, June 1.
Norris, Pippa (2002). Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Pippa (1999). Introduction: The Growth of Critical Citizens? In Pippa Norris (ed.): Critical Citizens. Global Support for Democratic Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-27.
Nye, Jr. Joseph, & Zelikow, Philip D. (1997). Reflections, Conjectures and Puzzles. In Jr. Joseph Nye, Philp D. Zelikow & David C. King(ed.) Why People Don't Trust Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 253-81.
Persson, Mikael (2012) Education Does Not Cause Political Participation: Evidence from the 1970. British Cohort Study. http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/materials/documents/epop/papers/persson_epop_12.pdf.
Putnam, Robert D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Ragin, Charles C. (2008). User’s guide to fuzzy-set/qualitative comparative analysis, www.u. arizona.edu/ cragin/fsQCA/download/fsQCAManual.pdf.
Ragin, Charles C. (2007a). Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA). Forthcoming in Benoit Rihoux and Charles Ragin (ed.): Configurational Comparative Analysis. Sage Publications.
Ragin, Charles C. (2007b). Calibration Versus Measurement. Accessible from the ESS website: Qualitative Comparative Analysis: www.fsqca.com.
Schraufnagel , Scot , & Sgouraki, Barbara (2005). Voter Turnout in Central and South Ameraca. The Latin Americanist, (49) 1:39-69.
Reitan, Therese C. (2003). Too Sick to Vote? Public Health and Voter Turnout in Russia During the 1990s. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 36:49–68.
Rolfe, Meredith (2004). Interrogating the Usual Suspects: Education and Voter Turnout. Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
Smets, K., & Van Ham, C., (2013). The Embarrassment of Riches? A Meta-Analysis of Individual-Level Research on Voter Turnout. Electoral Studies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.12.06.
Solt, Frederick (2008). Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement. American Journal of Political Science, 52(1): 48-60.
 Soss, Joe & Lawrence R. Jacobs. (2009). The Place of Inequality: Non-participation in the American Polity. Political Science Quarterly 124(1): 95-125.
Stryker, Robin (1994) Implications for Social Conflict, Order, and Change, American Journal of Sociology Vol. 99, No. 4, pp. 847-910.
Sundström, Aksel, & Stockemer, Daniel (2013). Quality of Government Affect Voter Turnout in the European Regions, The Quality of Government Institute, Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg, working paper series: 6.
Szewczyk, Jimmy (2015). The Effects of Income Inequality on Political Participation: A Contextual Analysis. Honors Thesis, POLS 450, 20 January.
Tam Cho, Wendy K., Gimpel, James G., & Wu, Tony (2006). Clarifying the Role of SES in Political Participation: Policy Threat and Arab American Mobilization. The Journal of Politics, (68) 4: 977–991.
Taylor, Gillian (2012). Voter Turnout in UK Constituencies, Do Boundary Changes Affect Turnout? University of Nottingham, School of Economics. L13520 - Econometrics Project.
Teixeira, Ruy A. (1992). The Disappearing American Voter. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
Van Deth, Jan Willem (ed.), (1997). Private Groups and Public Life: Social Participation, Voluntary Associations, and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies. London: Routledge.
Vráblíková, Kateřina (2010). Contextual Determinants of Political Participation in Democratic Countries. Paper presented at the conference on: Civic, Political and Cultural Engagement Among Migrants, Minorities and National Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Centre for Research on Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism (CRONEM), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, June 29th-30th.
Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, & Henry E. Brady (1995) Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Verba, S., & Nie, N. H. (1972). Participation in America. New York: Harper and Row.
Verba, S., Nie, N. H. & Kim, J. (1978). Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Wolfinger, R. E. & Rosenstone, S. J. (1980). Who Votes? New Haven, Yale University Press.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics